WTO cites India-EFTA trade deal as unilateral mechanism to achieve market access outcome

Trade agreements beyond the multilateral trading system can also offer examples whereby unilateral enforcement mechanisms have been tailored to the particular market access outcome arrived upon, according to the WTO’s World Trade Report 2026. “Given the target-based structure of the FDI commitment, the parties chose an enforcement mechanism which would permit India to unilaterally reimpose tariffs if it determined that the targets had not been met,” the WTO said.